Linux ³Ì±jªº¡A¤]¬O³ÌÅý¤HºÙ¹Dªº¦a¤è¡A´N¬O¥Lªººô¸ô¥\¯à¤F¡A¤£½×¬O Mail server¡BWeb server¡BProxy serverµ¥µ¥¡A³£¦n¦n¥Î³á¡I¦ý¬O¡A§Ṳ́]±`¦bºô¸ô¤W¬Ý¨ì¤@°ï±`¨£ªº°ÝÃD¡A´N¬O¦b°Ý¡y§Úªº Linux ¨S¦³¿ìªk³s¤Wºô¸ô¡A¸Ó¦p¦ó¬O¦n....¡zµ¥µ¥ªº°ÝÃD¡A°Ý¨Ó°Ý¥hªº«ÂI¤j·§³£¬O¤@¼Ëªºª¬ªp¡I¶Ë¸£µ¬¡I¨º³¾ô´N§â¤@¨Ç¦b Linux ¤W±¥i¯à·|µo¥Íªººô¸ô°ÝÃD§â¥L¾ã²z¤@¤U¡A¬Ý¬Ý±z¬O¤£¬O¦³³o¤è±ªº°ÝÃD¡A°Ñ¦Ò¬Ý¬Ý§a¡I |
¨ä¹ê¡Aºô¸ô¤@¥X°ÝÃDªº®ÉÔ¡A±zÀ³¸Ó±q¦Û¤v¥i¥HÀˬdªº¦a¤èÀˬd°_¡A¦]¦¹¡A³Ì«nªº¦a¤è¡A´N¬O±zªººô¸ô¥d¬O§_¦³¤u§@ªº°ÝÃD°Õ¡IÀˬdºô¸ô¥d¬O§_¥¿±`¤u§@ªº¤èªk¦p¤U¡G
- ¨Ï¥Î lsmod ¬Ý¬Ýºô¸ô¥dªº¼Ò²Õ¬O§_¤w³Q¸ü¤J¡G
°£«D±z´¿¸g¦Û¦æ½sĶ¹L®Ö¤ß¡A§_«hºô¸ô¥dªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡À³¸Ó¬O¥H¼Ò²Õªº«¬ºA¦s¦b¤~¹ï¡I¥Ñ©óºô¸ô¥d¬O³Ì°ò¥»ªººô¸ô¤¸¥ó¤§¤@°Õ¡I¨S¦³¥L¡A¦ÛµM¤]´NµLªk³s¤W Internet ¡A©Ò¥HÅo¡A½Ð¥ý½T»{¤@¤U±zªººô¸ô¥d¬O§_¤w¸g³QÅX°Ê§a¡I³oÓ®ÉÔ·íµM´Nn¨Ï¥Î lsmod ¨Ó¬Ý¬Ý°Õ¡I¨þ¨þ¡I¨S¿ù¡I§Úªººô¸ô¥d¤w¸g±¾¤W¥h°Õ¡I©Ò¥H¨S¦³°ÝÃD¡I¨º»ò¦pªG¨S¦³µo²{©O¡H¶â¡I¨º»ò«Ü¥i¯à¬O¨S¦³®»¨ìµwÅéÅo¡I³oÓ®ÉԽХý¥H dmesg ½T»{¤@¤U¬O§_¤w¸g®»¨ì¤Fºô¸ô¥dÅo¡I
[root@test root]# lsmod
Module Size Used by Tainted: P
ipt_MASQUERADE 1216 1 (autoclean)
iptable_filter 1696 1 (autoclean)
ip_conntrack_irc 2592 0 (unused)
ip_conntrack_ftp 3328 0 (unused)
ip_nat_irc 2400 0 (unused)
ip_nat_ftp 2976 0 (unused)
iptable_nat 13588 3 [ipt_MASQUERADE ip_nat_irc ip_nat_ftp]
ip_tables 11232 5 [ipt_MASQUERADE iptable_filter iptable_nat]
ip_conntrack 13356 3 [ipt_MASQUERADE ip_conntrack_irc ip_conntrack_ftp ip_nat_irc ip_nat_ftp iptable_nat]
ppp_async 6240 1 (autoclean)
8139too 14208 2¡@¡@¡@<==³oÓ´N¬O§Úªº¿ÀÃÉ¥d¼Ò²Õ°Õ¡I
usbcore 29632 0 (unused)¶â¡I½T¹ê¬O¦³®»¨ì§Úªººô¸ô¥d°Õ¡I¬O Ethernet ªººô¸ô¥dËç¡I
[root@test root]# dmesg
....²¤....
PPP generic driver version 2.4.1
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
Linux IP multicast router 0.06 plus PIM-SM
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly.
8139too Fast Ethernet driver 0.9.24 <==½T¹ê¦³®»¨ìÅo¡I
eth0: RealTek RTL8139 Fast Ethernet at 0x6100, 00:50:fc:22:9c:57, IRQ 10
eth0: Identified 8139 chip type 'RTL-8139C'
eth1: RealTek RTL8139 Fast Ethernet at 0x6300, 00:50:fc:22:9a:cb, IRQ 11
eth1: Identified 8139 chip type 'RTL-8139C'
eth0: Setting half-duplex based on auto-negotiated partner ability 0000.
eth1: Setting 100mbps full-duplex based on auto-negotiated partner ability 41e1.
¡@- ¨Ï¥Î ifconfig ¬Ý¬Ý¬O§_¦³ºô¸ô¥dªº¹B§@¥X²{¡G
¦b½T©wºô¸ô¥d¤w¸g³Q®»¨ì¤§«á¡AµwÅé´N¨S¦³°ÝÃD¤F¡A¦A¨Ó´N¬Oºô¸ô¥dªº³nÅé³]©w°ÝÃD¡C³q±`¨Ï¥Î¤F ifconfig ¤§«á¡A·|¥X²{¥Ø«eºô¸ô¥dªº IP ª¬ºA»¡©ú¡A¦pªG¨S¦³¥ô¦óºô¸ôµwÅé³QÅX°Êªº¸Ü¡A¨º´N¥H ifup eth0 ¨Ó±Ò°Ê¡A¦A¥H ifconfig ¨Ó¬Ý¬Ýºô¸ô³]³Æªº¹B§@¡I¦pªGÁÙ¬O¨S¦³¿ìªk±Ò°Êªº¸Ü¡A´N»Ýn¨Ó«·s¦w¸Ëºô¸ô¥dªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡I¦p¦ó½T©wºô¸ô¥d¦³µL¥¿±`¤u§@©O¡H²³æªº«Ü¡A´N¬O¨Ï¥Î ifconfig ³oÓ«ü¥O¨ÓÀˬd¤@¤U§a¡I¦p¤W©Ò¥Ü¡A¬O§Úªººô¸ôªº³]©w¡A§Ú¦@¦³¨âÓºô¸ô¥d¡A³]³Æ¦WºÙ¤À§O¬° eth0 (¹ï¤º¡A¨p¦³ IP )¤Î eth1 (¹ï¥~)¡A¦Ó¥Ñ©ó§Ú¬O¨Ï¥Î ADSL ¼·±µªº¡A©Ò¥H´N¦³ ppp0 ³oÓºô¸ô¤¶±Åo¡I¦Ü©ó²Ä¤TÓ lo ¬O¥D¾÷¤º³¡ªº»¼°jºô¸ô¡A³o¬O¨C³¡¾÷¾¹³£·|¦³ªº¡C¦p¤W©Òz¡A¨º§Úªº¤TÓ¤¶±³£¦³¥X¨Ó¡A¨Ã¥B eth0 ªº IP ¬O 192.168.1.2 ³o¤@Ó¡A¨º´Nªí¥Ü³]³ÆÀ³¸Ó¨S¦³°ÝÃD¤~¹ï¡I¦pªG·Qn½T©w¤@¤U¨ì©³ºô¸ô¦³¨S¦³³q¡A±z¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î ping ªº¥\¯à¡G
[root@test root]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:FC:22:9A:CB
inet addr:192.168.1.2 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:35747 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:38701 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:567 txqueuelen:100
Interrupt:11 Base address:0x6300eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:90:CC:08:49:13
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:79570 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:69642 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x6100lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:3924 Metric:1
RX packets:4553 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4553 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
inet addr:140.116.141.114 P-t-P:140.116.141.253 Mask:255.255.255.255
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1492 Metric:1
RX packets:27577 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:25980 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:10¦pªG¦³¦^À³ªº¸Ü¡A¦p¤W±©Ò¥Ü¡A¨º´N¬O¥¿±`°Õ¡I
[root@test root]# ping -c 5 192.168.1.2
PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) from 192.168.1.2 : 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=255 time=0.1 ms--- 192.168.1.2 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.1/0.1/0.2 ms
¡@- ¤£¥²¼·±µªº¤wª¾©T©w¦¡ IP ªºÀˬd¤è¦¡¡G
°²¦p¤w¸gª¾¹D±zªº¤½¦@ IP ¡B ³q°T¹h (GateWay)¡A¥B¤£¥²¼·±µªº±¡ªp (Giga ªº ADSL ¤£ºâ³o¤@ºØ¡I)¡A±z¥i¥Hª½±µ×§ï /etc/sysconfig/network ¥H¤Î /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 ³o¨âÓÀɮסAµM«á¥H ifup eth0 ±Ò°Êºô¸ô¥d¡A¨Ã¥H ping ±zªººô¸ô¥d IP ¨Ó¬Ý¬Ý¬O§_¦³¥¿±`¤u§@¡C¨Ò¦p¤W±ªº½d¨Ò¡A»Ýnª`·Nªº¦a¤è¬O¦b GATEWAY=¤Î GATEWAYDEV=eth0 ³oÓ¦a¤è (¥u»Ýn¦³¤@Ó§Y¥i) ¡A¨Ò¦p¦¨¤jÀô¤uªº gateway IP ¬O 140.116.44.253 ¡A¨º±z¥un±N±zªº gate way ³]©w¦¨¨ºÓ IP ´N¬O¤F(´N¬O GATEWAY=140.116.44.253 )¡I¦Ó±zªº¤½¦@ IP ªº×§ï¤èªk¬°¡G
[root@test root]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
FORWARD_IPV4=yes
HOSTNAME=your.domain.name¦b¤W±ªº¨Ò¤l¤¤¡A±zªº IP ¬O 140.116.44.125¡A«h±z¥i¥H¼s¼½ªº¦ì§}¦@¦³ 140.116.44.1-255( 140.116.44.255¨º¤@Ó )¡A¦Ó±zªº¤l¾B¸nºô¸ô¬° 255.255.255.0¡C¦n¤F¡I³£³]©w§¹¦¨¤§«á¡A¨º´Nª½±µ¥H¤U±ªº¤è¦¡¨Ó±Ò°Ê¡G
[root@test root]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
BROADCAST=140.116.44.255
IPADDR=140.116.44.125
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=140.116.44.0
GATEWAY=140.116.44.253
ONBOOT=yes¬Ý¬Ýºô¸ô¥d¬O§_¥¿±`ªº±Ò°Ê¤F©O¡H
[root@test root]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart
[root@test root]# ifup eth0
[root@test root]# ping -c 5 140.116.44.125
¡@- »Ý¼·±µªººô¸ô¥d IP ¡G
³q±`«Øijª½±µ¦b /etc/sysconfig/network ¤Î /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 ¤¤¡Aµ¹¤©¤@ÓµêÀÀ IP «á¡A¦A ping ±zªººô¸ô¥d IP ¡C³o¬O¥Ñ©ó¼·±µ¦¡ ADSL ¦b¼·±µ¤§«e¬O¨S¦³¤½¦@ IP ªº¡A©Ò¥H§ÚÌ¥ý¥H¨p¦³ IP ¨Ó´ú¸Õ¬Ý¬Ýºô¸ô¥d¬O§_¥i¥H¥¿±`±Ò°Ê§a¡Gºô¤Í̳̱`µo¥Í°ÝÃDªº¦a¤è¦b©ó¡A±z¬O¥H eth1 ¨Ó§@¬°¼·±µªººô¸ô¥d¡A¦ý¬O«o±N GATEWAYDEV ³]©w¦¨ eth0 ¡A¨º¼Ëªº¸Ü¡A±z¹ï¥~n¨Dªº«Ê¥]±N³£·|³z¹L eth0 ³oÓ¨p¦³ IP ªººô¸ô¥d¦V¥~n¨D¸ê®Æ¡A¥Ñ©ó¨p¦³ IP ¨S¦³¿ìªk³s¤W Internet ¡A©Ò¥H¡A±zªººô¸ô´N§¹¥þ¤W¤£¤F Internet °Õ¡I©Ò¥H³o¸Ìªº³]©wnª`·N¤@¤UÅo¡I
[root @test /root]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
FORWARD_IPV4=yes
HOSTNAME=your.domain.name¦b¤W±ªº¨Ò¤l¤¤¡A±z±Nºô¸ô¥dªº¨p¦³ IP ³]©w¦¨¬° 192.168.1.2 ³o¤@Ó¡I¦³¤@ӲߺDªº¿ù»~¦b©ó±N BOOTPROTO ( ³q°T¨ó©w ) ³]©w¦¨ DHCP ¡A³o¬O¤£¹ïªº¡A¦]¬°±zªººô¸ô¬O³z¹L¼·±µªº¤è¦¡¡A¦b¼·±µªº¹Lµ{¤¤´N·|¥Ñ rp-pppoe ¼·±µµ{¦¡³s±µ¨ì ISP ¥H PPP ¨ó©w¨Ó³]©w¦n±z¦Û¤vªººô¸ô°Ñ¼Æ¡A©Ò¥H³o¸Ì³]©w DHCP ¬O¨S¦³·N¸qªº¡I³o¸Ì¥un³]©w¦¨ none ´N¦æ¤F¡I¤d¸Uª`·N¤F¡IµM«á¦A¥H¤U±ªº¤è¦¡¨Ó½T»{ºô¸ô¥dªº¹B§@»P§_¡G
[root @test /root]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
BROADCAST=192.168.1.255
IPADDR=192.168.1.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.1.0
ONBOOT=no
GATEWAYDEV=ppp0½Ðª`·NËç¡I³oÓ³¡¤À¤£»Ýnקï¤]¨S¦³Ãö«Y¡A¦pªG±zªº³]©w¬O¡y ONBOOT=no ¡z¡A¼K¼K¡I©Ò¥H¶}¾÷ªº®ÉԨ䣷|±Ò°Êºô¸ô¥d¡A¨º»ò¹ê»Ú¼·±µªº®ÉÔ´N¤£·|¦³¤zÂZÅo¡I¦pªG»Ýn±Ò°Ê¼·±µ¨t²Î¨Ó½T»{¼·±µ¬O§_¥i¦æ¡A¥i¥H«ö·Ó¤W±ªº¤è¦¡×§ï§¹¨âÓÀɮסAµM«á±N adsl-setup ³]©w§¹¦¨¡A¤§«á¥H¤U±ªº¤è¦¡¨Ó±Ò°Ê ADSL ¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡G
[root@test root]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart
[root@test root]# ifup eth0
[root@test root]# ping -c 5 192.168.1.2¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦b ADSL ¼·±µ¤§«e¦³¨S¦³±Ò°Ê eth0 ³£¨S¦³Ãö«Y¡A¤£¹L¡A¦³®ÉÔ´N¬O¨º»òÄaºÃ¡A±Ò°Ê¤F eth0 ´N¬O¨S¦³¿ìªk¼·±µ¦¨¥\¡A¨º»ò±z´N¥i¥H±N eth0 ¥ýÃö³¬¦A¶i¦æ¼·±µ¸Õ¬Ý¬Ý¡A³q±`´N¥i¥H¦¨¥\¤F¡C±Ò°Ê¤§«á¡A¦A¥H ping ªº¤è¦¡¨Ó½T©w¤@¤Uºô¸ô¡G
[root@test root]# ifdown eth0
[root@test root]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart
[root@test root]# adsl-start¦pªG½T©w¥i¥H³s¤W Internet ¤§«á¡A´N±N adsl-start ¼g¶i /etc/rc.d/rc.local ¤¤§a¡I
[root@test root]# ping -c 5 your.IP
[root@test root]# ping -c 5 168.95.1.1
[root@test root]# ping -c 5 tw.yahoo.com
¡@- «·s¦w¸Ëºô¸ô¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡G
¦pªG¤W±ªº¤è¦¡³£¨S¦³¿ìªk¨Ó¥¿±`±Ò°Ê±zªººô¸ô¥d®É¡A¨º´N¥u¦n¦A®»¤@¦¸±zªººô¸ô¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡¤F¡Cº¥ý¬Ý¬ÝÅX°Êµ{¦¡¹ï¤£¹ï§a¡I °²³]±z¶Rªº¬O¿ÀÃÉ¥d¡A¨º»ò±zªº /etc/modules.conf ¤º®e´N·|¦³ÂI¹³³o¼Ë ( ¦b Red Hat 6.x ¥H«eªºÀɮסAÀɦW¬° /etc/conf.modules ¡I)¡G¦b¤W±ªº¨Ò¤l¤¤¡A¥Ñ©ó§Ú¦³¨â¶ôºô¸ô¥d¡A²Ä¤@¶ô¬OÄÝ©ó¿ÀÃÉ¥d (´¹¤ù¬° RelTeck8139) ¡A²Ä¤G¶ô¬O VIA ªº´¹¤ù ( ª½±µ¥H viarhine ¨ÓÅX°Ê ) ²Ä¤T¦æ¬O±N viarhine ³oÓ´¹¤ùÅX°Êªº·N«ä¡C¸U¤@±z´¡¤F¨â±i¬Û¦Pªººô¸ô¥d¡A¨ºn¦p¦ó¨Ó°Ï¤Àºô¸ô¥dªº¥ý«á¦¸§Ç©O¡H¡I¨Ò¦p´¡¤F¨â¶ô rtl8139 ªººô¸ô¥d¡A¨º±z¥i¥H³o¼Ë¼g ( ¼W¥[ io ¤Î irq ªº±±¨î°Ñ¼Æ )¡G
[root@test root]# vi /etc/modules.conf
alias eth0 rtl8139
alias eth1 viarhine¤W±¬O»¡¡A¨â¶ô¥dªºio »P irq ¤À§O¬° 0x300, 3 ¤Î 0x320, 5¡C¦Ü©ó³o¤è±ªº¬ÛÃö¸ê°T¡A±z¥i¥H¶i¤J windows ¨t²Î¤¤¬Ý¹L ( ©Ò¥H»¡¡A¥i¥H¦w¸Ë¦¨¦h¦¨§@·~¨t²Î°Õ¡I ) ¦A¨Óקï§a¡I¦n¤F¡A¨º¦pªGn«·s¦w¸Ëºô¸ô¥dªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡©O¡H¡I¶â¡I½¦^³s¤W Internet ¨º¤@³¹¸`¹î¬Ý§a¡I³q±`ªººô¸ô¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡¦w¸Ë¤èªk¨BÆJ¦p¤U¡G
[root@test root]# vi /etc/modules.conf
alias eth0 rtl8139
alias eth1 rtl8139
options rtl8139 io=0x300,0x320 irq=3,5
- ¤U¸ü±zªººô¸ô¥dÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡F
- ½sĶ¨Ã¦w¸Ë¼Ò²Õ¡F
- קï /etc/conf.module ÀɮסF
- קï /etc/sysconfig/network ÀɮסF
- קï /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 ÀɮסF
- ¥H ifup eth0 ¨Ó±Ò°Ê±zªº ºô¸ô¥d ¸Õ¸Õ¬ÝÅo¡I
±z¥un±N±zªººô¸ô³]³Æ»P±zªº´¹¤ù¦WºÙ¼g¤W¥¿½Tªº¡A¦A¥[¤W±N¸Ó´¹¤ùªºÅX°Êµ{¦¡½sĶ§¹¦¨¡A¨ÃÂ\¦b /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/net ¸Ì±§Y¥i ( Y®Ö¤ß¬° 2.2.xx «h»ÝnÂ\¦b /lib/modules/2.X.X/net¸Ì±§Y¥iÅo¡I)
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VBird ªº«Øij¡G ¨ä¹ê¡A¦b¬[³] Linux ¦øªA¾¹ªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¤j·§³Ì³Â·Ðªº¦a¤è´N¬O¦bºô¸ôªº³]©w³o¸Ì¤F¡A¤×¨ä¬O«áÄòªº¤@¨Ç°Ï°ìºô¸ôªº³s½u³]©w ( ¦pªG¯A¤Î NAT ¥D¾÷¨Ó¤À¨Éºô¸ôÀW¼eªº¸Ü¡A±N·|§ó³Â·Ð¡I ) ¡A©Ò¥H³o¸Ì VBird nµ¹¤j®a¤@Ó«Øij¡A´N¬O¹J¨ìºô¸ô¥d³]©wªº²~ÀVªº®ÉÔ¡A°®¯Ü¥ý¶R¤@¶ô«Ü«K©y¡A¦ý¬O¤ä´©«×«Ü°ªªº¿ÀÃÉ¥d ( §Ú¥h¤j½æ³õ¬Ý¹L¡A³Ì«K©yªº¥un 250 ¤£¨ì´N¦³¤F¡I ) ¡A¥ý±Nºô¸ô¬[³]°_¨Ó¦A»¡¡I§_«h¤@Ó·s¤âªá¤F«Ü¦hªº®É¶¡¥h·d¤@¶ô²ö¦Wªººô¸ô¥d¡A±`±`·|¿i·l¤@Ó Linux ·R¦nªÌªº@¤ß¡I
[root@test root]# ping -c 5 192.168.1.100 |
¦b¤@¯ë¥¿±`ªº±¡ªp¤§¤U¡A·í±z¤U¹F route ³oÓ«ü¥Oªº®ÉÔ¡A±zªº¸ô¥Ñªí ( route table ) À³¸Ó·|«Ü§ÖªºÅã¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡A¦pªG¸U¤@¤£©¯Åã¥Üªº³t«×«D±`¤§ºC¡A¨º»ò³q±`´N¬O±zªººô¸ô³]©w¥i¯à¡y¦³ÂI©Ç©Çªº¡z¡A·íµM°Õ¡A¦pªG¬O±zªº¨t²ÎÁÙ¦³³]©w¤F IP alias ªº¸Ü¡A¨º»ò´N¯uªº·|¦³ÂIºCºCªº¡ã¤£¹L¨S¦³Ãö«Y¡A§ÚÌÁÙ¬O¥i¥H¨Ó´ú¸Õ¤@¤U¬O§_¦³°ÝÃD©O¡I¡H
¡@¡@
[root@test root]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
140.116.141.253 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0
192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
127.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo
default 140.116.141.253 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ppp0
½Ðª`·N¡A¥Ñ©ó§Ú¦³¨â¶ôºô¸ô¥d( ¤@¶ô¹ï¤º¤@¶ô¹ï¥~¡A§Úªº¨t²Î¬[ºc´N¦p¦P ¹Ï¤@ ©ÒÅã¥Üªº¨º¼Ë¡I )¡A¥[¤W§Ú¬O¥H¼·±µªº¤è¦¡³s¤W Internet ªº¡A©Ò¥H¦ÛµM´N·|¦³ eth0, eth1, ppp0 ¤Î¥»¨Ó´N·|¦³ªº lo ³o¤TÓ¤¶±¡A¦Ó¥Ñ©ó eth1 ³oÓ¤¶±¬O¨Ìªþ¦b ppp0 ¤W±ªº( §Úªº ppp0 ªº¼·±µ¤¶±¥d¨Ï¥Îªº¬O eth1 Ëç¡I)¡A©Ò¥H¦ÛµM¤]´N¨S¦³ eth1 ³oÓ¤¶±ªº³]©w¡I¦n¤F¡A¨º»ò§Úªº¸ô¥Ñ¤¶±¦ÛµM´NÀ³¸Ó·|¦³ eth0, ppp0, lo ³o¤TÓ°Õ¡I¨º¥Ñ©ó lo ¬O 127.0.0.1 ¡A¥[¤W¥L¬O A Class ªººô¸ô°j°é¡A¦]¦¹´N·|±o¨ì¤W±ªº¨º¤@¦æ¡I¦P®É¡A§Úªº¹w³]³q°T¹h¦ÛµM¿ï¾Ü¥i¥H³s¤W Internet ªº ppp0 ¨º¶ô¡A©Ò¥H¤]´N¦¨¬° default ¨º¤@¦æÅo¡IµL½×¦p¦ó¡A§Úªº route ¥i¥H³o¼Ë´N³]©w§´·í¨S¦³°ÝÃD¡I
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[root@test root]# route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
140.116.141.253 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0
192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
127.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo
default 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
µo²{þ¸Ì¦³°ÝÃD¤F¶Ü¡H¹ï°Õ¡I¨ºÓ default «ç»ò gateway ¬° 192.168.1.2 ©O¡H¹ï°Õ¡I°ß¤@¦³°ÝÃDªº¦a¤è´N¬O¦b¨º¨à¡I¦]¬°¹w³]ªº GATEWAY Åܦ¨¤F 192.168.1.2 ³oÓ¨p¦³ IP ¡A¦ÛµMµLªk³s±µ¤W Internet ¡A¨º»ò·í±z¨Ï¥Î¡yping -c 5 202.1.237.21¡z·íµM¤]´N·|Åã¥Ü¥X«Ê¥]»¼°eªº IP ¬° 192.168.1.2 ¡A¨þ¨þ¡I§¹¥þ³s¤£¥X¥h¡I«ç»ò¿ì¡H¡I«Ü²³æ°Õ¡I°£¤F¤â°Ê¥H route ³oÓ«ü¥Oק蠟¥~¡A¤]¥i¥Hקï /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 ³oÓÀɮסA±N¸ÌÀYªº GATEWAY ©Î GATEWAYDEV ªº³]©w×¥¿¤@¤U¡A´N¥i¥H°Õ¡I¥[ªo¡I¡I
¦pªG³q¹L¤W±ªº°ÝÃD½T»{¡A³oÓ®ÉÔ±zªººô¸ô±¡ªpÀ³¸Ó¬O¡G¸Ó¦p¦ó¬O¦n¡I¡H¼K¼K¡I³o®É´N»Ýnª`·N±zªº DNS ³]©w¤F¡I³q±`¡A¦pªG¬O DNS ³]©wªº°ÝÃDªº®ÉÔ¡Aµo¥Íªº²{¶H¬O³o¼Ëªº¡G¡]§ÚÌ¥H¶®ªê¯¸ tw.yahoo.com¡A IP¡G202.1.237.21 ¨Ó»¡©ú¡^
- ºô¸ô¥d»P«Ç¤ºªº³s½u§÷®Æ³£¬O¦nªº¡F
- ¨Ã¥B°Ï°ìºô¸ô¤ºªº¹q¸£³£¥i¥H¤¬³q¡F
- ¦P®É¡Aadsl-start ¤w¸g¥¿½Tªº¤u§@¤F¡F
- ping IP ¥i¥H ping ªº¨ì¡A¦ý¬O¥i¯à¨S¦³¿ìªk¥HÂsÄý¾¹ª½±µÂsÄýºô¯¸¡C
³o®É´N»Ýn§ïÅܱzªº¥D¾÷ªº DNS ³]©w¤F¡I±z¥i¥Hקï /etc/resolv.conf ÀɮסG
- ¥H IP ¨Ó ping ¶®ªê¦³¸ê®Æ¥i¥H¶Ç»¼¡G
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[root@test root]# ping -c 5 202.1.237.21
PING 202.1.237.21 (202.1.237.21) from 211.74.152.23 : 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 202.1.237.21: icmp_seq=0 ttl=246 time=103.6 ms
64 bytes from 202.1.237.21: icmp_seq=1 ttl=246 time=105.3 ms
64 bytes from 202.1.237.21: icmp_seq=3 ttl=246 time=112.8 ms
64 bytes from 202.1.237.21: icmp_seq=4 ttl=246 time=87.7 ms
64 bytes from 202.1.237.21: icmp_seq=5 ttl=246 time=92.0 ms--- 202.1.237.21 ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 16% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 87.7/100.2/112.8 ms- ¥H »â°ì¦WºÙ ¨Ó ping «o¨S¦³¦^À³¡G
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[root@test root]# ping -c 5 tw.yahoo.com
ping: unknown host tw.yahoo.com
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[root@test root]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 168.95.1.1
nameserver 139.175.10.20
nameserver 163.28.113.1
¤W±¥u¬O¤@Ó²³æªºªí¥Ü¤èªk¡A±zªº¥Dnªº DNS ¥D¾÷¬° 168.95.1.1 ¡]Hinetªº DNS ¥D¾÷¡^¡A¦Ó³Æ¥Îªº DNS «h¬° 139.175.10.20 ¤Î 163.28.113.1 ³o¨âÓ¡C¦ó¿×³Æ¥Îªº DNS ¥D¾÷©O¡H³o¬O¥Ñ©ó 168.95.1.1 ¥i¯à·|¦]¬°¬Y¨Ç¥¿±`©Î¤£¥¿±`ì¦]¦Ó°±¤îªA°Èªº®ÉÔ¡A«h±zªº¥D¾÷¥un°»´ú¤£¨ì ¥Dn DNS ¥D¾÷¡A±N·|Ä~Äò©¹¤U´M§ä¥t¤@Ó DNS ¥D¾÷¡Aª½¨ì¨S¦³ DNS ¥D¾÷¬°¤î¡C³q±`§Ú¦Ü¤Ö³£·|³]©w¨âÓ¥H¤W¡C
NAT ¥i¥H¥ý²³æªº·Q¦¨¬O¤@Ó IP ¤À¨É¾¹¡ANAT µLªk¥¿½Tªº¤u§@ì¦]¦³«Ü¦h¡A¤£¹L¡A¦pªG±z½T©w±zªº°Ï°ìºô¸ô³s½u¤w¸g¥¿±`¡A¦Ó¥B¥D¾÷¥i¥H¥¿½Tªº³s¤W Internet¡A¥t¥~¡A¥Î¤áºÝªº DNS ³]©w¤]¬O¥¿½Tªº¡]³o¤@¨B±`±`¦³¤H·d¿ù¡I¡^¡A¨º»ò¥i¯àµo¥Íªº°ÝÃD¤j·§´N¬O¨S¦³±N IPv4 ¥´¶}§a¡IÁöµM /etc/sysconfig/network ·í¤¤¤w¸g³]©w¤FFORWARD_IPV4=yes ªº¶µ¥Ø¡A¦ý¬O¤´µM¦³¥i¯à¨S¦³¶}±Ò³o¤@Ó¶µ¥Ø¡A¨º»ò´N¥H¤U±ªº«ü¥O¨Ó¶}±Ò§a¡Iecho 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward±z¥i¥H±N³oÓ«ü¥O¼g¤J /etc/rc.d/rc.local ³oÓÀɮפ¤¡C¥t¥~¡AÁÙ¦³¤@ÂI¡A´N¬O±zªº GateWay ³]©w¿ù»~¤F¡I³oÓ¦b¤W±ªº network ÀÉ®×»¡©ú¤¤¤w¸g´£¨ì¤F¡A±z¥i¥H¦A¸Ô²Óªº¬Ý¤@¬Ý¡I©ÎªÌ¬O¨Ï¥Î route -n ³oÓ«ü¥O¨Ó¹î¬Ý¤@¤U±zªº route table ¡]¸ô¥Ñªí¡^¨Ò¦p¡G¥J²Ó¬Ý¨ì¤W±³á¡G
[root@test root]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0
172.16.11.8 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo
0.0.0.0 172.16.11.8 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ppp0
- ²Ä¤»¦æÅã¥Ü±zªº¹ï¤ººô°ì¬° 192.168.1.0 ³o¤@Ó¡A¥B¦b Iface ªº¦a¤è¡AÅã¥Ü¤F±zªº¬É±¥d¨Ï¥Îªº¬O eth0 ³o¤@Ӭɱ¥d¡F
ÁA¸Ñ¤F¶Ü¡H¹ï¤º»P¹ï¥~ªº route table ¬O¤£¤@¼Ëªº¡A¦pªG±zªº¹ï¥~ Iface Åã¥Ü eth0 ªº¸Ü¡A¨º´Nªí¥Ü±zªº¸ô¥Ñ³]©w¿ù»~¤F¡I³o®É±z´N¥²¶·nקï¤@¤U±zªº /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 ÀÉ®×Åo¡IµM«á¦A¥H
- ¥t¥~¡A±zªº¹ï¥~³q°T¹h¡]´N¬O³Ì«á¤@¦æ¡A¥Ñ©ó¬O¹ï¥~¡A©Ò¥H·|¼g¥X 0.0.0.0 ªº Destination ¡^¬O¥H 172.16.11.8 ³o¤@Ó¡A¥B±zªº¤¶±¬O ppp0 ³o¤@Ó¡I
/etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart¨Ó«·s±Ò°Ê¡I
°£¤F³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¤§¥~¡A±zªº ipchains/iptables ¬O§_¥¿½Tªº¤u§@©O¡H³o³£»Ýnª`·Nªº¡I¦Ó¦b Red Hat 7.X ªºª©¥»¤§«á¡A¥Ñ©ó ipchains »P iptables ¨Ã¦sªºÀô¹Ò¤U¡A·|¦³°ÝÃDµo¥Í¡A¦]¦¹±z¥²¶·¨ú®ø¥ô¦ó¤@Ó¨¾¤õÀð¾÷¨î¤~¦æ¡I¦pªG¹ï©ó ipchains »P iptables ¤£¬O«Ü¼ô±xªº¸Ü¡A¥i¥H¬Ý¤@¤U³o¤@½g°Q½×¡G¤p¦{¥ý¥Íªº iptables ¬ÛÃö NAT »P¦w¥þ¨¾Å@»¡©ú¡G¦n¤F¡I°£¤F³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¦³¤@Ó¤p°ÝÃD¡A´N¬Oµo¥Í¦b Windows ªº¨t²Î¤¤¡A¥i¯à·|¦³ MTU ªº°ÝÃD¦s¦b¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¡A¥i¯à¦³³¡¤Àªººô¯¸±z¨S¦³¿ìªk³s¤W¥h¡A¨ºn¦p¦ó¬O¦n¡H±z¥i¥H½¨ì«e¤@³¹¥h¬Ý¤@¬Ý¦p¦óקï±zªº MTU §a¡I¦Ü©ó§ó¦hªº NAT ¥\¯à»P¿ù»~½T»{¡A§ÚÌ·|¦b NAT ¥D¾÷ªº³]©w¤@¸`¦A¸Ô²Óªº»¡©ú³á¡I
http://linux.vbird.org/linux_server/0150detect_network_1.php
¦b±z½T»{¤F¤W±ªº´XÓ°ÝÃDÂI¤§«á¡A¤j·§¤w¸g¥i¥HÅý±zªººô¸ôºZ³q¤F¡I¤£¹L¡A¦pªGÁÙ¬O¨S¦³¿ìªk³s¤W Internet ©O¡H¨º´N«Ü¦³¥i¯à¬O¥~³¡ªº°ÝÃD¤F¡I§ÚÌ»Ýnª`·Nªº¤j·§¬O³o¼Ë¡G°ò¥»¤W¡A«e¨âÂI³£«Ü¦n¸Ñ¨M¡Aª½±µ¬Ý¤@¤U ADSL ªº¿O¸¹´N¥i¥Hª¾¹D¬O§_¥¿±`¤F¡I²Ä¤TÂI¤~¬O§Ú̳o¸Ì©Òn±´°Qªº¡I¸U¤@±z±q¦¨¤jn³s½u¨ì±z°ª¶¯®a¤¤ªº¥H seednet §@¬° ISP ªº±zªº¥D¾÷®É¡A±z¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î traceroute ³o¼Ë°µ¡G
- ADSL ªº modem ¿O¸¹¬O§_³£¬O¥¿±`ªº¡H¦pªG¤£¥¿±`ªº¸Ü¡A¥ý³B²z modem §a¡I
- ³s±µ¨ì¤¤µØ¹q«Hªº gateway ¬O§_¥¿±`¡H³o¥i¥H±q ifconfig ·í¤¤±o¨ìªº¸ê°T¡A¥h ping ¨ºÓ gateway ¸Õ¸Õ¬Ý¡I¦A¤£µMªº¸Ü¡Aª½±µ¥´¹q¸Ü¨ì¤¤µØ¹q«Hªº¾÷©Ð¥h¸ß°Ý¤@¤U¬O§_¦³°ÝÃD¡F
- ¬O§_¦³³¡¤Àªº router ¥X²{°ÝÃD¤F¡G
¦b³o¼Ëªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A±z´N¥i¥Hª¾¹D¡A±z¦V±z®a¤¤n¨Dªº¸ê®Æ«Ê¥]¬O«ç¼Ë¶Ç°eªº¡I¦Ó¤@Ó¤@Óªº¥hÁA¸Ñ¨ì©³±zªººô¸ô¶Ç¿é³t«×¬O¦bþ¤@ÓÀô¸`³Q¾×¤F¤U¨Ó¦Ó¦³©µ¿ðªº°ÝÃD¡I¤S¨Ò¦p§Ú±q®a¸Ì³s½u¨ì¶®ªêªººô¯¸®É¡A¸ê®Æ«Ê¥]®É¦p¦ó¶Ç°eªº©O¡H¨Ò¦p¤U±ªº»¡©ú¡G
[root@test root]# traceroute tsai.adsldns.org
traceroute to tsai.adsldns.org (211.74.251.208), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
1 140.116.44.253 (140.116.44.253) 7.373 ms 8.732 ms 9.560 ms
2 203.72.191.42 (203.72.191.42) 0.932 ms 1.050 ms 0.716 ms
3 203.72.191.218 (203.72.191.218) 0.906 ms 1.209 ms 0.867 ms
4 R56-161.seed.net.tw (139.175.56.161) 2.229 ms 1.877 ms 2.154 ms
5 R58-38.seed.net.tw (139.175.58.38) 3.283 ms 3.639 ms 5.303 ms
6 br011008.seed.net.tw (139.175.11.8) 4.344 ms 3.941 ms 3.602 ms
7 swks251-208.adsl.seed.net.tw (211.74.251.208) 50.058 ms 52.567 ms 53.109 ms³Ì«á±¥X²{¤F * ªº²Å¸¹¡A³oªí¥Ü±q 203.69.65.65 ³o¤@Ó router ¨ì¤U¤@Ó router ªº¹Lµ{¤¤¥i¯à¦³ÂI¤p°ÝÃD¡A©Ò¥H³y¦¨¤F±zªººô¸ô¦³ÂI¤£¬O«Ü¥¿±`ªº±¡ªpµo¥Í¡I³o®É±z´N¥²¶·n¥hÁA¸Ñ¤Uì¦]¤F¡C¹³¦¥ý·s¦Ëªº¤@±ø¥úÆl³Q«õÂ_ªº®ÉÔ¡A¥Ñ©ó¨º±ø¥úÆl¬O¥Dnªººô¸ô·F¹D¤§¤@¡A©Ò¥H³Q«õÂ_¤F¡A±N¨Ï±o¸ê®Æ«Ê¥]¥²¶·¸g¹LªF³¡ªº¥H¤Î³Æ¥÷ªººô¸ô¬y¶q¸û¤pªº³Æ´©ºô¸ô¨t²Î¨Ó³B²z¡A©Ò¥H¤]´N³y¦¨¤j¶ë¨®ªº°ÝÃD¤F¡I¥t¥~¡A¥»¯¸«e¤@°}¤l¥Ñ©ó±Ð¨|³¡ªº UPS ¦b¶i¦æºûÅ@ªº¤uµ{¡Aµ²ªG¤]¬O¾ÉP¦¨¤j³¡¤Àªººô¸ô¬y¶q¨üªý¡A³y¦¨§Ú̪ººô¤ÍµLªk³s½u¶i¨Óªºµ²ªG¡A±z¥i¥H¨ì³¾ôªº¨p©Ðµæº¶(http://linux.vbird.org)¬Ý¤@¤U¦b 2001/12/6-10 ¤é¤§¶¡ªº¤½§i¡A³o¼ËªºÀËÅç¤]¥i¥HÅý§ÚÌÁA¸Ñ¨ìºô¸ô¬y¶qªº²~ÀV³á¡I
[root@test root]# /usr/sbin/traceroute tw.yahoo.com
traceroute to tw.yahoo.com (202.1.237.21), 30 hops max, 38 byte packets
1 172.16.11.8 (172.16.11.8) 46.181 ms 45.028 ms 39.722 ms
2 139.175.15.1 (139.175.15.1) 37.972 ms 36.554 ms 40.228 ms
3 R58-194.seed.net.tw (139.175.58.194) 45.332 ms 46.370 ms 46.140 ms
4 R58-90.seed.net.tw (139.175.58.90) 46.814 ms 55.286 ms 46.401 ms
5 211.22.41.174 (211.22.41.174) 46.326 ms 57.491 ms 45.398 ms
6 211.22.35.230 (211.22.35.230) 46.813 ms 57.740 ms 46.117 ms
7 211.22.35.169 (211.22.35.169) 46.319 ms 51.316 ms 52.549 ms
8 203.69.65.65 (203.69.65.65) 46.342 ms 46.185 ms 58.698 ms
9 * * *
¥t¥~¤@Ó±`¨£ªº°ÝÃD¬O¡AµLªkµn¤J¥D¾÷°õ¦æ¡y¬Y¨Ç¡z¥\¯à¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¡A±z¥i¥H ping ªº¨ìºô¸ô¤Wªº¬Y³¡¥D¾÷¡A¦ý¬O´N¬OµLªk°õ¦æ³oÓ¥D¾÷ªº¬Y¨Ç¯S©wªº¥\¯à¡A¨Ò¦p FTP, WWW, mail µ¥µ¥¡C¥H³¾ôªº¬YÓ¥D¾÷¬°¨Ò¡A§Úªº¥D¾÷¶È´£¨Ñ mail ¤Î www ªºªA°È¡A¦]¦¹±z¨Ï¥Î telnet ¤Î ftp ³£¬O¨S¦³¥Îªº¡I©Ò¥HÅo¡A¥²¶·¥ý¥hÁA¸Ñ¨ì¸Ó¥D¾÷´£¨ÑªºªA°È¤~¦æ¡I
¨º¦pªG¬O±zªº¥D¾÷©O¡H³Ì±`¨£¨ìªº´N¬O·sª©ªº Linux ¤¤¡Aftp »P telnet ¤w¸g¹w³]¤£¶}©ñ¤F¡I¨º±z·íµMµLªk¥H ftp ¤Î telnet ³s±µ¨ì±zªº¥D¾÷¸Ì±¡I³o®É¡A´N¥²¶·n¨ì /etc/xinetd.d ¥hקï´XÓªA°Èªº³]©w¡A¥H telnet ¬°¨Ò¡A±z¥i¥H¦b /etc/xinetd.d/telnet ¤¤¬Ý¨ì¦p¤Uªº©N©N¡G¬Ý¬Ý¤W±¡A½Ð±N disable = yes §ï¦¨ disable = no ´N¥i¥H¶}±Ò°Õ¡IµM«á¦A¥H /etc/rc.d/init.d/xinetd restart ¨Ó±Ò°Ê±zªº telnet ªA°È¡I¤£¹L¡A°ò¥»¤W¤]¦³¥i¯à¬O firewall ¾×¦í¤F±zªºªA°È³q¹D¡A³o®É¡A´N»Ýn¥ý¶}±Ò¨¾¤õÀð¤F¡I
[root@test root]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
service telnet
{
disable = yes
flags = REUSE
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd
log_on_failure += USERID
}
ÁÙ¦³¤@ÓnÀˬdªº¬O¦UÓÀɮשΪ̬Oµ{§ÇªºÅv¤F¡I¨Ò¦p±zªº /etc/hosts.allow ¤¤¬O§_¦³¶}±Ò¡H±zªº mail server ¬O§_¦³³]©w relay ¡H±zªº httpd.conf ¤¤¬O§_¦³¶}©ñ PHP ©ÎªÌ¬O MySQL ªºªA°È¡A©ÎªÌ¬O¨ä¥L¬ÛÃöªº CGI µ{¦¡°õ¦æªº¥i¦æ©Ê¡H±zªº FTP ¬O§_¦³¶}©ñ°Î¦Wµn¤J¡Hµ¥µ¥µ¥¡A³£¬O»Ýn¯S§OªºÀˬdªº¡A¤£¹L¡A³o³£ÄÝ©ó¤@¯ë©Êªº FAQ ¤F¡A³o¸Ì´N¤£¦h°µ»¡©ú¡C